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🇷🇺 T-90M Proryv
Land · Uralvagonzavod · 2020
Russia's most modern main battle tank in serial production — carries Relikt reactive armor, Kalina fire-control and a 125 mm gun; however, its heavy losses to top-attack munitions and FPV drones in Ukraine are both a benchmark and a lesson for next-generation tanks such as ALTAY.
Specifications
- Main armament: 125 mm 2A46M-5 smoothbore gun + AZ-185M2 autoloader (~22 ready, ~40+ total)
- Gun-launched missile: 9M119M Refleks-M (Invar) laser-guided ATGM, ~5 km
- Secondary: 7.62 mm coaxial + remote-controlled 12.7 mm Kord
- Fire control: Kalina; commander panoramic thermal sight, auto-track, 360° cameras
- Armor: Composite + Relikt reactive armor + Shtora-1 soft-kill; Arena-M hard-kill optional
- Engine / mobility: V-92S2F 1,130 hp diesel; ~60 km/h; ~550 km
- Weight / crew: ~48 t; 3
Beats: Eski nesil tanklar (T-72/T-64 türevleri) ve cephe önündeki keşif/atış unsurları — 125 mm + Refleks ATGM menzil ve nüfuz üstünlüğü sağlar, Doğrudan-ateş hatlarında zırhlı muharebe araçları (BMP/M2 Bradley sınıfı) — kompozit gövde + Relikt ERA hafif silahlara karşı dayanıklıdır, Cepheden RPG/tandem kümülatif başlıklar — Relikt ERA çoğu eski nesil el bombası ve roketatarı büyük ölçüde etkisizleştirir
Loses to: Tepeden-vuran tanksavar mühimmat (Javelin/NLAW/TOW-2B) — zayıf tavan zırhı + doldurucu karuseli infilakı taretin uçmasına yol açar, FPV ve loitering mühimmat (Switchblade sınıfı) — yan/arka/üst projeksiyonda kafes/ek zırh yetersiz, hard-kill APS yok, AH-64 Apache gibi taarruz helikopterlerinin Hellfire tepeden vuruşları — uzun menzilden zırhın en ince yüzeyini hedefler, Trophy/APS donanımlı Batı tankları (M1 Abrams/Leopard 2/Challenger 2) — aktif koruma ve termal/atış-kontrol üstünlüğü düello dengesini çevirir
The T-90M is the backbone of Russian armored forces and is formidable on paper with Relikt ERA + Kalina fire-control. However, Ukraine employment since 2022 has revealed its limits: independent OSINT tracking (Oryx) documented more than 150 T-90Ms knocked out/abandoned by mid-2026. The vulnerability's root is the design era — the tank was drawn when the kamikaze-drone threat did not exist; ammunition carousel cook-off and weak top/rear armor make top-attack lethal. Hard-kill APS (Arena-M) exists but has not been reliably fielded on front-line tanks. This balance is a lesson for ALTAY: active protection and drone defense are as decisive as raw armor.
Related systems
Same manufacturer (Uralvagonzavod): T-14 Armata, T-72
Related systems (Land): SİPER, HİSAR-O+, HİSAR-A+, SUNGUR, KORKUT, Tayfun, GÜRZ, S-400 Triumf, Patriot (PAC-3), Bora
